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燃料供应或进一步收紧！美国炼油厂面临新的原油供应中断威胁_我的网站

A |     　　全球燃料正处于供应短缺的困境中，这与中东和俄乌炼油厂产能大幅下降有着直接的关系。    (ECNS) -- More than a year after the United States imposed reciprocal tariffs on Chinese goods, many multinational companies that shifted production to Southeast Asia are moving parts of their supply chains back to China, underscoring the country's enduring manufacturing advantages.    A report by The New York Times cited Alliance Consumer Group (ACG), a Texas‑based flashlight maker, which invested heavily in factories in Thailand and Vietnam after the 2025 tariff hikes. The company found China's manufacturing ecosystem difficult to replace, with flashlights from Chinese producers sometimes priced lower than ACG's shipping costs from Southeast Asia.        ACG COO Phil Laster said the experience highlights a broader challenge: while production can be relocated, China's integrated industrial ecosystem remains difficult to replicate.    China's strengths include its comprehensive supply chain, world‑class infrastructure and efficient logistics.    In Xidian Town, Zhejiang Province, about 60% of the world's flashlights are produced, supported by nearby Ningbo‑Zhoushan Port.    China is also the only country with all industrial categories listed in the UN system, leading production in more than 220 of over 500 major industrial products.    Infrastructure plays a critical role. According to data from the Ministry of Transport of China, the country hosts eight of the world's top 10 busiest ports by cargo throughput, supported by China‑Europe freight trains and multimodal transport.    ACG found costs 12% to 15% higher leaving Southeast Asian ports compared with China, due to weaker supply chains and logistics.    China's efficient business environment has also drawn praise.    In June, the Sino-Saudi Gulei Ethylene Complex Project in Fujian Province, a large single ethylene production facility by capacity, completed a major construction milestone. Faisal Al-Faqeer, Chief Executive Officer of Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), lauded streamlined approvals and project management during construction of the Sino‑Saudi Gulei Ethylene Complex.    Stable electricity supply further strengthens competitiveness, especially as fuel shortages in Southeast Asia have pressured factories.    Investment data reflects the trend. In 2025, newly established foreign‑invested enterprises in China rose 19.1% year‑on‑year. In the first half of 2026, nearly 4,800 foreign‑invested companies expanded investment.    For multinationals, while production can shift, China's integrated ecosystem — combining complete industrial chains, infrastructure and logistics — remains unmatched.    (By Gong Weiwei)                    。　　为了填补这一供应空白，全球其他地区的炼油厂正在提高产能。其中，美国炼油厂已连续数月满负荷运转，其燃料出口量也屡创新高。但作为重要支撑的美国炼油业即将迎来新的挑战。　　Rystad Energy本周表示，由于油砂矿的维护作业，加拿大9月份原油日产量可能减少30万桶。加拿大石油生产商一般每天向美国炼油厂供应400万桶重质原油，但下个月起加拿大所有的主要油砂运营商都将减产进行维护。　　通常情况下，每当出现这种季节性供应中断时，美国地区的库存原油会先行补齐供应，但报告显示，美国原油库存也低于往常水平，为12个月以来最低。　　来自委内瑞拉的石油供应似乎是一个替代方案，但业内指出，委内瑞拉的石油增产速度不及预期，且此前该国的原油出口量增长很大程度上是因为该国动用了原油库存，这代表委内瑞拉的石油产量实际上未能实现增长。　　多重不利因素　　7月，委内瑞拉对该美国的石油日均出口量为78.6万桶，为2019年初以来的最高水平，远高于2026年1月美国尚未控制该国石油工业时的日均28.4万桶。　　然而，所有曾经在委内瑞拉运营的大型石油公司都持谨慎态度，迟迟不愿决定是否重返委内瑞拉，因为委内瑞拉尚未拥有稳定的政治和财政环境，难以开展大规模石油作业。　　近几个月来，仅有一些服务供应商和规模较小的美国石油公司签署了一些协议。总而言之，这导致委内瑞拉的石油生产复苏比预期慢得多。　　与此同时，乌克兰无人机继续袭击俄罗斯炼油厂，导致俄罗斯的汽油和柴油产量受到挤压。

B | 8月中旬，柴油裂解价差历史上首次突破每桶100美元。　　此外，尽管美国宣传霍尔木兹海峡正大量流出原油，但该航道几乎没有成品油轮驶出。据法国能源巨头道达尔称，这主要是因为成品油轮运力较小，运费已高达每桶50美元，导致没有贸易商愿意承担运输成本，从而加剧了燃料供应紧张的问题。　　随着供暖季即将开始，夏季补充燃料的需求还在不断攀升，这可能将使燃料市场的供需进一步失衡。而能源方面的混乱又将对广泛的经济增长和通胀产生恶劣影响。（文章来源：财联社）。

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Published on:07:25:18